Art-historical analysis

On the western part of the original chancel’s vault, there is also a field with a more recent mural. In the northern part of the field, a full-length angel with red wings and a yellow garment is depicted. He plays a string instrument that Rok Poles identified as a lute, while Marijan Zadnikar and Janez Höfler recognised it as a mandolin.[1] The angel is set beneath a yellow trefoil arcade with three merlons painted from the side. The perspective is also emphasised by the red surfaces, indicating the architecture’s spatial orientation.[2] The details are only visible in the longitudinal creasing of the lower part of the angel’s garment and in the strings of the musical instrument. As in the other parts of the mural, the angel’s face has not been preserved. He has a brighter band in his yellowish hair, indicated by a reddish border. Under the angel, Marijan Zadnikar identified a yellow chest with a pedestal and a lid shaped like a slab. He identified it as the Throne of Mary, which could be part of the depiction of the Coronation of Mary.[3] The mural in the southern part of the field has been somewhat more poorly preserved. The only element that can still be discerned is a broad zig-zag band in the lower part of the field. Rok Poles wrote that such bands were used in Gothic painting to stylise clouds.[4] Only a tiny fragment of the mural above this band has survived. According to Poles, this is the lower edge of the angels’ garments.[5]

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[1] Ministrstvo za kulturo Republike Slovenije, INDOK center, M. Zadnikar, Zapiski XXXVII, 9. 8. 1956, available at: https://situla.gov.si/SI_INDOK_ZAP_z002-1211.html (24 August 2022); POLES 1998, p. 382; HÖFLER 2004, p. 225.
[2] POLES 1998, p. 382; HÖFLER 2004, p. 225.
[3] Ministrstvo za kulturo Republike Slovenije, INDOK center, M. Zadnikar, Zapiski XXXVII, 9. 8. 1956, available at: https://situla.gov.si/SI_INDOK_ZAP_z002-1211.html (24 August 2022). Even in the mural’s present state, this part of the chest remains visible under the angel musician.
[4] POLES 1998, p. 383.
[5] POLES 1998, p. 383.

The part of the vault murals where only the angel with the mandolin remains discernible was destroyed in 1979 when a new opening was made for the stairs leading to the belfry.[1]

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[1] POLES 1998, p. 382.

Tanja Zimmermann attributed the mural fragment with the angel musician to Friulian workshops.[1] In this regard, Janez Höfler added that architectural designs such as the ones in the Šoštanj mural cannot be found in the works of the Friulian masters from around 1400 anywhere else in Slovenia.[2] He also added that the portrayal of the angel musician must have covered either the entire vault or merely its western part.[3]

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[1] ZIMMERMANN 1996, p. 225.
[2] HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.
[3] HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.

Tanja Zimmermann was the first to identify the angel playing music as a more recent layer, stating that it was the work of the so-called Friulian workshops, though she did not specify the time of its creation.[1] Somewhat later, Janez Höfler dated the mural with the angel to the last quarter of the 14th century.[2] He based this assessment on the design of the painted architecture above the angel. In that regard, he referred to a similar example: the Throne of Solomon composition on the northern wall of the church in Sankt Lambrecht in Styria, dating from between 1350 and 1360, painted in a style that still emphasises the Northern German linear style in terms of its figurative elements.[3]

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[1] ZIMMERMANN 1996, p. 225.
[2] HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.
[3] HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.

The angel musician fragment is the work of Friulian workshops.[1]

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[1] ZIMMERMANN 1996, p. 225; HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.

The angel with a string instrument, painted on the western part of the vault, is almost certainly a remnant of some larger composition, perhaps the Coronation of Mary.[1] Marijan Zadnikar put forward this hypothesis based on the still visible fragment of the mural under the angel, where he identified a chest in the function of Mary’s throne.[2] His reasoning was also adopted by Rok Poles and Janez Höfler.[3] The latter added that in the 14th-century Italian painting, the Coronation of Mary scene often included angels playing music,[4] further supporting Zadnikar’s hypothesis.

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[1] HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.
[2] Ministrstvo za kulturo Republike Slovenije, INDOK center, M. Zadnikar, Zapiski XXXVII, 9. 8. 1956, available at: https://situla.gov.si/SI_INDOK_ZAP_z002-1211.html (24 August 2022).
[3] POLES 1998, pp. 382–383; HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.
[4] HÖFLER 2004, p. 226.

Gallery

Virtual 360° view

Šoštanj, Succursal church of St Hermagoras and Fortunatus, Stage 2 (Šoštanj), 2024 (last updated 18. 2. 2025). Corpus picturarum muralium medii aevi, https://corpuspicturarum.zrc-sazu.si/en/poslikava/phase-2-sostanj/ (9. 9. 2026).

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